MSC. Marija Nikolić
University of Donja Gorica, Montenegro
E-mail:marijapopovic88@yahoo.com
ORCID ID: 0009-0009-0857-4539
Abstract
Population aging increases the need for responsive social protection systems capable of addressing multidimensional vulnerability among older adults. This study examines professional workers’ perceptions of marginalization and barriers to accessing social services among adults aged 65+. A quantitative survey was conducted with 118 professionals employed in social protection institutions. Results indicate that chronic illness, social isolation and digital exclusion represent dominant forms of marginalization, while administrative complexity and weak institutional coordination are perceived as major service barriers. Regression analysis shows that more frequent professional contact with older adults predicts higher awareness of systemic obstacles. Findings highlight the importance of strengthening community-based services, simplifying procedures and integrating professional experience into policy design. The study contributes empirical evidence supporting structural reforms aimed at improving accessibility and reducing exclusion among older populations.
Keywords: aging population, social marginalization, older adults, social protection, service accessibility, professional workers
Introduction
Population aging represents one of the most significant demographic transformations of contemporary societies. According to global demographic projections, the proportion of people aged 65 and over is increasing faster than any other age group, creating new challenges for social protection systems and public policy (UN, 2019.). Older adults are not a homogeneous population; a substantial segment experiences economic vulnerability, social isolation and limited access to institutional support, which increases the risk of marginalization (Walker A, 2005).
Marginalization in older age is strongly connected to structural inequalities rather than individual deficits. Poverty, reduced mobility, chronic illness and insufficient community services often interact, creating cumulative disadvantage. (Phillioson C.,2013) Research consistently demonstrates that social isolation and exclusion are associated with deteriorating physical and psychological well-being among older populations (Holt Lunstad J., 2015).
Social protection systems play a critical role in mitigating these risks. However, older adults frequently encounter barriers when attempting to access services. Administrative complexity, lack of information and fragmented institutional structures reduce service utilization even when programs formally exist. In this context, professional workers employed in social services act as key mediators between vulnerable citizens and institutional resources. Their perception of systemic barriers reflects everyday operational realities and provides valuable empirical insight into policy effectiveness (Lloyd, C., King, R., Chenoweth, L,2002).